According to Hurlock, teenager is people on the age between 12 – 81, while Stanley Halls says that teenager are between 12 – 23. If you notice the similarities, they all start at the age of 12, but end at different ages, why, because limitation between each person are different, it is based on their education, and psycology condition.

A study of 5,000 adolescents aged between 12-19 to try to uncover the habit of drinking alcohol and teen relationships with parents. The result, teens are most vulnerable to alcohol addiction has a loving parent, but parents do not know this.

This group of teenager have triples risk of becoming heavy drinkers. Adolescents with parents who enforce strict discipline and warmth in the family and to know where their children have risk twice lower.

Studies experts from Brigham Young University in Utah was published in the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. Professor Stephen Bahr, Brigham Young University uncover the role of parents is very important to avoid children from dangerous behavior.

Some problems with their own such as their weight issues for teenager with obesity also occurs, they often getting teas by their own friends, that cause them to be anti social. Some resulting on some hate and disoriented behavior.

Teenager with alcohol on their vein often got close with violence, which usually start from stealing their own parents money, such as using credit cards. It is important to limit their access, if you got into this situation. Repeated usage of credit limit, could cause your card getting rejected, other than that pile of debts hunting you up. For some using virtual credit cards is the solution for this problems.

The study also reveals a child who grew up in a religious environment and warm lower risk of alcohol and having friends is better. “Adolescence is a transition and parents sometimes difficult to handle. The role of friends is very important, as well as the role of parents. It is suggested that parents support teenagers and to control their behavior with a warm and loving.

A fortunate addition to the original concepts of Bowen family systems theory, sibling position can be quite informative in understanding human behavior in general and one’s own behavior in particular. How does your best thinking affect your propensity to live out the characteristics of your sibling position?

Sibling Position – A Personality Indicator That is Both Static and Dynamic
In the 1960’s, Dr. Walter Toman became well known for his pioneering studies in family member positioning. He created a picture, if you will, of basic types of sibling profiles that gave an impression of how each sibling was apt to behave and their potential — all things being equal — of a successful life course.

With regard to being static, it differs from other types of personality indicators such as the Myers-Briggs or Riso-Hudson in that one’s sibling position never changes. One can take the Myers-Briggs three times at three different junctures in one’s life, and score three different ways. Your sibling position remains static and yet affects your life and the lives of others in a dynamic way.

Bringing Your Birth Order Position to the Marital Relationship
Toman’s belief was that marital partners have complimentary, partially complimentary, or non-complimentary sibling positions.

Those with non-complimentary sibling positions (such as a wife and husband who are both youngest siblings) have more marital difficulty than do those with complimentary (a youngest brother of sisters married to an oldest sister of brothers) or partially complimentary sibling positions (an oldest brother of brothers paired with a youngest sister of sisters).

Personality Characteristics Based on Years of Research
Dr. Murray Bowen wrote, “Based on my research and therapy, I believe that no single piece of data is more important than knowing the sibling position of people in the present and past generations.”

The Multigenerational Transmission Process speaks to what families look like over the span of at least three generations, and much can be gained by examining generational patterns while considering one’s sibling position.

Doctors Toman and Bowen shared a great deal in their thinking with respect to sibling position, yet one of Bowen’s departures was that of how anxiety plays a role in sibling position profiles.

Brothers, Sisters, and the Anxious Presence
Your birth order says a lot about you. Yet it is propensity and not destiny. There is no superior sibling position, although envy of the other positions seems common! When you are anxious, your tendency to fulfill your sibling position characteristics grows.

For example, the youngest brother of sisters will, when under pressure, be more apt to play the “needy” card, gaining the attention and affection of older women.
It’s been known to come in handy, but ultimately it is an abdication of personal responsibility. How is anxiety affecting your propensity to typify your sibling position?

The CAPTA definition reads: “at a minimum, any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker, which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation, or an act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm.”

Types of Child Abuse
With the above definition as a foundation, individual states are responsible for their own definitions of abuse and neglect, falling into one or more of four general categories: Neglect, Physical, Sexual, and Emotional abuse. Below, a brief look at basic characteristics of each category.

Neglect: Failure to provide for a child’s basic needs to allow for proper physical, emotional, and mental growth and development. Lack of proper nourishment, education, safety, clothing, shelter and/or medical care.

Physical: Intentional harm caused to a child’s person by any form of physical assault regardless of intent. Lack of provision of medical care for injured or ill child.

Sexual: Any activity on a child such as fondling of genitals, penetration, incest, rape, sodomy, indecent exposure, and exploitation via pornographic materials and/or prostitution.

Emotional: Psychological damage inflicted on a child by way of threats, insults, extreme punishment, fear, rejection, and isolation, ignoring, or any act or word which hinders positive mental, social, and emotional development.

Recognizing the Signs
Maltreatment can take on any form or combination, including, but not limited to, those listed above. It is important that caregivers, educators, and community members be aware of what to look for when maltreatment is suspected.

Cases must always be considered on an individual basis, with regard to the specifics of the situation. No two abuse patterns are exactly alike and no list of consequential behaviors is ever exhaustive. A single sign may not be indicative of abuse. However, patterns, consistencies or a combination of signs merit a closer look. The following traits are commonly seen in children suffering a type of abuse or neglect:

Physical
• Recurrent bruising, injuries, burns.
• Injuries in the shape of an object (belt buckle,etc).
• Infections indicating delay or neglect of treatment.
• Injuries may be in various stages of healing.
• Lack of hygiene and grooming.
• Soiled clothes, lack of appropriate seasonal wear.

Behavioral
• Sudden change in behavior or school performance.
• Overly compliant, passive, timid, withdrawn.
• Delays going home from school or functions.
• Excuses for injuries that do not seem consistent or believable.
• Frequent absences from or lateness to school.
• Difficulty concentrating, depression.
• Self-destructive/self-abusive behavior.

Sexual Abuse
Signs may be specific to sexual abuse.
• Difficulty sitting or walking.
• Bloodied underwear.
• Genital bruising/tearing.
• Knowledge of a sexual nature inconsistent with age.
• An older child behaving like a younger child (such as bed-wetting or thumb sucking)
• Has new words for private body parts.
• Resists removing clothes when appropriate times (bath, bed, toileting, diapering).
• Asks other children to behave sexually or play sexual games.
• Mimics adult-like sexual behaviors with toys or stuffed animal.
• Wetting and soiling accidents unrelated to toilet training.

Reporting Child Abuse
If you suspect or know a child is being abused, notify a social worker, your local police department.